CHAPTER 1 THE LITTER When you are starting poultry, the knowledge of litter comes first. A number of materials are suitable for deep litter, but some are more suitable for deep litter than others. The main attributes of a litter are that it should be absorbent and as free from dust as possible. The following are used on their own or in combination with others: Peat-moss, Chaff, Cut Straw, Shaving, Saw-dust and Wool shoddy. 1. PEAT-MOSS PEAT- MOSS is very dusty and as such not recommended for the Tropics. It is very absorbent and long lasting. Because it is dusty, the interior of the house tends to get covered with a fine brown dust. It is dark and does not reflect light. A good grade peat-moss with as little dust...
Tick damage and tick-borne diseases Tick damage Ticks can cause severe damage to cattle , particularly around the udder and ears. The wounds will often get infected with bacteria and might be attacked by flies some ticks cause greater damage than others, such as the ones which infect cattle with heartwater Prevention is by tick control. You could either use a pour-on or a plunge dip or spray dip if you have the facilities for this. Pour-ons can be easier to use and you do not need additional facilities, but these are more expensive, You may need to treat for ticks as often as once a week in the wet season and then every second week in the dry season, You may be able to treat less often if you vaccinate the cattle against tick-borne diseases. Tick-borne diseases Ticks can also infect cattle with redwater, gallsickness and heartwater, European breeds tend to be at greater risk from these diseases than indigenous and Brahman type breeds Older animals are more a...
Diseases that come from milk Some diseases that people get, such as brucellosis and tuberculosis come from microbes that come out in an animal's milk. Microbes also get into milk from the air, the hands of a milkier, an animal's skin or from dirt in the place where animals are milked. Microbes breed very fast in warm milk. How to treat milk to stop diseases • Heat milk and keep it very nearly boiling for twenty minutes then let it cool before drinking it. • Do not drink milk from sick animals. • Keep the place where animals are milked clean. Keep the milk clean. Only put milk into clean containers. Wash milk containers clean and put them upside down so the water comes out and they dry. Some herders clean milk containers by smoking them over a fire. Smoke kills some microbes. • Cover a milk container after you have filled it. If you can cool milk down (preferably to below 4°C) as soon as possible after milking, it will keep for long...
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